Appendix B — Environment and R Packages

B.1 Environment

This book was built using

• R version R version 4.6.0 (2026-04-24).
• RStudio version ‘2026.05.0 Build 218’
• Quarto: 1.9.37
• OS: Darwin, 25.5.0, Darwin Kernel Version 25.5.0: Mon Apr 27 20:40:51 PDT 2026; root:xnu-12377.121.6~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8112, AU-macbook.local, arm64, root, rressler, rressler

B.2 R Packages

This book uses the following non-Base R packages as of 2026-06-10.

              Package     Version
1               abind       1.4-8
2               arrow      24.0.0
3                 ash      1.0-15
4             askpass       1.2.1
5          assertthat       0.2.1
6           backports       1.5.1
7           base64enc       0.1-6
8              bibtex       0.5.2
9                bigD       0.3.1
10                bit       4.6.0
11              bit64       4.8.2
12             bitops       1.0-9
13               blob       1.3.0
14                BMA     3.18.21
15               brio       1.1.5
16              broom      1.0.13
17              bslib      0.11.0
18             cachem       1.1.0
19              callr       3.7.6
20                car       3.1-5
21            carData       3.0-6
22              cards       0.7.1
23              cardx       0.3.2
24         cellranger       1.1.0
25           classInt      0.4-11
26                cli       3.6.6
27              clipr       0.8.1
28         colorspace       2.1-2
29         commonmark       2.0.0
30             config       0.3.2
31         conflicted       1.2.0
32           corrplot        0.95
33        countrycode       1.8.0
34            cowplot       1.2.0
35              cpp11       0.5.5
36             crayon       1.5.3
37          crosstalk       1.2.2
38               curl       7.1.0
39         data.table      1.18.4
40                DBI       1.3.0
41             dbplyr       2.5.2
42           DEoptimR       1.1-4
43              Deriv       4.2.0
44               desc       1.4.3
45            deSolve        1.42
46             digest      0.6.39
47               doBy       4.7.1
48          dotCall64         1.2
49              dotty       0.1.0
50            downlit       0.4.5
51              dplyr       1.2.1
52             dtplyr       1.3.3
53              e1071      1.7-17
54              Ecdat       0.4.7
55              Ecfun       0.4.0
56           eurostat       4.0.0
57           evaluate       1.0.5
58              fansi       1.0.7
59             farver       2.1.2
60            fastmap       1.2.0
61                fda       6.3.0
62                fds         1.9
63             fields        17.3
64           filelock       1.0.3
65                FNN     1.1.4.1
66        fontawesome       0.5.3
67  fontBitstreamVera       0.1.1
68     fontLiberation       0.1.0
69         fontquiver       0.2.1
70            forcats       1.0.1
71            foreach       1.5.2
72           forecast       9.0.2
73            Formula       1.2-5
74           fracdiff       1.5-4
75                 fs       2.1.0
76             gargle       1.6.1
77            gdtools       0.5.1
78           generics       0.1.4
79             GGally       2.4.0
80          gganimate      1.0.11
81          ggformula       1.0.1
82            ggiraph       0.9.6
83           ggmosaic       0.4.0
84            ggplot2       4.0.3
85            ggrepel       0.9.8
86           ggridges       0.5.7
87            ggstats      0.13.0
88           gitcreds       0.1.2
89             glmnet         5.0
90               glue       1.8.1
91        googledrive       2.1.2
92      googlesheets4       1.1.2
93                 gt       1.3.0
94             gtable       0.3.6
95          gtsummary       2.5.0
96              haven       2.5.5
97             hdrcde       3.5.0
98               here       1.0.2
99              highr        0.12
100               hms       1.1.4
101         htmltools       0.5.9
102       htmlwidgets       1.6.4
103            httpuv      1.6.17
104              httr       1.4.8
105             httr2       1.2.2
106               ids       1.0.1
107            inline      0.3.21
108             ISLR2       1.3-2
109           isoband       0.3.0
110           ISOweek       0.6-2
111         iterators      1.0.14
112       janeaustenr       1.0.0
113           janitor       2.2.1
114              jose       2.0.0
115              jpeg      0.1-11
116         jquerylib       0.1.4
117          jsonlite       2.0.0
118        juicyjuice       0.1.0
119             keras      2.16.1
120            keras3       1.5.1
121           kernlab      0.9-33
122           keyring       1.4.1
123             knitr        1.51
124                ks      1.15.2
125          labeling       0.4.3
126          labelled      2.16.0
127             later       1.4.8
128          lazyeval       0.2.3
129             leaps         3.2
130         lifecycle       1.0.5
131          litedown         0.9
132              lme4       2.0-1
133            lmtest      0.9-40
134            locfit    1.5-9.12
135           lpSolve      5.6.23
136         lubridate       1.9.5
137          magrittr       2.0.5
138              maps       3.4.3
139          markdown         2.0
140      MatrixModels       0.5-4
141            mclust       6.1.2
142           memoise       2.0.1
143    microbenchmark       1.5.0
144              mime        0.13
145            miniUI       0.1.2
146             minqa       1.2.8
147            modelr      0.1.11
148        mosaicCore       0.9.5
149         multicool       1.0.1
150           mvtnorm       1.3-7
151            nloptr       2.2.1
152          numDeriv  2016.8-1.1
153           ollamar       1.2.2
154           openssl       2.4.1
155              otel       0.2.0
156           packrat       0.9.3
157    palmerpenguins       0.1.1
158         patchwork       1.3.2
159          pbkrtest       0.5.5
160             pcaPP       2.0-5
161            pillar      1.11.1
162         pkgconfig       2.0.3
163               PKI      0.1-15
164            plotly      4.12.0
165              plyr       1.8.9
166               png       0.1-9
167            pracma       2.4.6
168       prettyunits       1.2.0
169              pROC    1.19.0.1
170          processx       3.9.0
171      productplots       0.1.2
172          progress       1.2.3
173          promises       1.5.0
174             proxy      0.4-29
175                ps       1.9.3
176             purrr       1.2.2
177          quantreg         6.1
178            quarto       1.5.1
179           R.cache      0.17.0
180       R.methodsS3       1.8.2
181              R.oo      1.27.1
182           R.utils      2.13.0
183                R6       2.6.1
184              ragg       1.5.2
185           rainbow         3.8
186          rappdirs       0.3.4
187            raster      3.6-32
188         rbibutils       2.4.1
189      RColorBrewer       1.1-3
190              Rcpp   1.1.1-1.1
191     RcppArmadillo    15.2.6-1
192         RcppEigen   0.3.4.0.2
193          RcppTOML       0.2.3
194             RCurl   1.98-1.18
195            Rdpack       2.6.6
196         reactable       0.4.5
197            reactR       0.6.1
198             readr       2.2.0
199            readxl       1.5.0
200        RefManageR       1.4.0
201        reformulas       0.4.4
202           regions       0.1.8
203           rematch       2.0.0
204          rematch2       2.1.2
205           remotes       2.5.0
206              renv       1.2.3
207              repr       1.1.7
208            reprex       2.1.1
209        reticulate      1.46.0
210             rlang       1.2.0
211         rmarkdown        2.31
212     rnaturalearth       1.2.0
213 rnaturalearthdata       1.0.0
214        robustbase      0.99-7
215         rprojroot       2.1.1
216             rrcov       1.7-7
217         rsconnect       1.8.0
218          RSocrata    1.7.16-1
219        rstudioapi      0.18.0
220             rvest       1.0.5
221         rworldmap       1.3-8
222                s2       1.1.9
223                S7       0.2.2
224              sass      0.4.10
225            scales       1.4.0
226           selectr       0.5-1
227                sf       1.1-1
228             shape     1.4.6.1
229             shiny      1.13.0
230             skimr       2.2.2
231         snakecase      0.11.1
232         SnowballC       0.7.1
233     snowflakeauth       0.2.2
234       sourcetools     0.1.7-2
235                sp       2.2-1
236              spam      2.11-3
237           SparseM      1.84-2
238           stringi       1.8.7
239           stringr       1.6.0
240            styler      1.11.0
241               sys       3.4.3
242       systemfonts       1.3.2
243        tensorflow 2.20.0.9000
244             terra      1.9-27
245       textshaping       1.0.5
246       tfautograph       0.3.2
247            tfruns       1.5.4
248            tibble       3.3.1
249             tidyr       1.3.2
250        tidyselect       1.2.1
251          tidytext       0.4.3
252         tidyverse       2.0.0
253        timechange       0.4.0
254          timeDate    4052.112
255           tinytex        0.59
256               tis        1.39
257        tokenizers       0.3.0
258        transformr       0.1.5
259            tweenr       2.0.3
260              tzdb       0.5.0
261             units       1.0-1
262              urca       1.3-4
263              utf8       1.2.6
264              uuid       1.2-2
265                V8       8.2.0
266             vctrs       0.7.3
267       viridisLite       0.4.3
268             vroom       1.7.1
269           whisker       0.4.1
270             withr       3.0.2
271                wk       0.9.5
272         wordcloud         2.6
273           writexl       1.5.4
274              xfun        0.57
275              xml2       1.5.2
276            xtable       1.8-8
277              yaml      2.3.12
278           zeallot       0.2.0
279               zoo      1.8-15
                                                             Built
1                         R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:40:28 UTC; unix
2   R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-29 16:08:45 UTC; unix
3   R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:51:02 UTC; unix
4   R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:17:34 UTC; unix
5                         R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:50:19 UTC; unix
6   R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:41:25 UTC; unix
7   R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:38:42 UTC; unix
8                         R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 17:00:31 UTC; unix
9                         R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:59:07 UTC; unix
10  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:45:18 UTC; unix
11  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-05-19 11:15:45 UTC; unix
12  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:51:14 UTC; unix
13                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:18:16 UTC; unix
14  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 02:49:35 UTC; unix
15  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:54:00 UTC; unix
16                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-15 06:12:52 UTC; unix
17                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-17 05:19:34 UTC; unix
18  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:13:45 UTC; unix
19                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:21:34 UTC; unix
20                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 14:03:03 UTC; unix
21                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:41:28 UTC; unix
22                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 16:15:43 UTC; unix
23                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 13:33:56 UTC; unix
24                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:17:23 UTC; unix
25  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 02:21:24 UTC; unix
26  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:39:10 UTC; unix
27                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-25 08:30:02 UTC; unix
28  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:42:58 UTC; unix
29  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-30 00:16:47 UTC; unix
30                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:49:14 UTC; unix
31                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:30:17 UTC; unix
32                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:41:41 UTC; unix
33                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 16:11:50 UTC; unix
34                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:08:33 UTC; unix
35                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-07 06:50:40 UTC; unix
36                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:44:21 UTC; unix
37                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:18:27 UTC; unix
38  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-06 22:09:10 UTC; unix
39  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-07 06:58:35 UTC; unix
40                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:47:33 UTC; unix
41                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:54:24 UTC; unix
42                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:58:04 UTC; unix
43                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:42:30 UTC; unix
44                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:48:08 UTC; unix
45  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:51:56 UTC; unix
46  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-06 22:09:03 UTC; unix
47                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 14:00:36 UTC; unix
48  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:50:57 UTC; unix
49                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 17:16:06 UTC; unix
50                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:24:43 UTC; unix
51  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 11:09:07 UTC; unix
52                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:14:03 UTC; unix
53  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:17:21 UTC; unix
54                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 16:57:00 UTC; unix
55                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 12:55:59 UTC; unix
56                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 13:38:36 UTC; unix
57                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:39:47 UTC; unix
58  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:58:53 UTC; unix
59  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:40:10 UTC; unix
60  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:38:44 UTC; unix
61                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 12:39:22 UTC; unix
62                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-05 11:57:29 UTC; unix
63  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-05-05 16:39:27 UTC; unix
64  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 16:14:34 UTC; unix
65  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:44:04 UTC; unix
66                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:18:26 UTC; unix
67                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:45:28 UTC; unix
68                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:45:35 UTC; unix
69                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:16:19 UTC; unix
70                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-29 23:56:15 UTC; unix
71                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:16:42 UTC; unix
72  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-29 20:19:23 UTC; unix
73                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:41:38 UTC; unix
74  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-29 18:23:26 UTC; unix
75  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:39:15 UTC; unix
76                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:25:33 UTC; unix
77  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-05-25 17:44:01 UTC; unix
78                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:40:57 UTC; unix
79                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 13:33:00 UTC; unix
80                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:26:39 UTC; unix
81                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 13:55:09 UTC; unix
82  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 15:52:01 UTC; unix
83                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-22 15:06:03 UTC; unix
84                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:16:05 UTC; unix
85  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 11:08:07 UTC; unix
86                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-29 21:36:28 UTC; unix
87                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:58:33 UTC; unix
88                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:49:52 UTC; unix
89  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-05 06:01:42 UTC; unix
90  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:39:32 UTC; unix
91                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-29 21:37:32 UTC; unix
92                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:57:49 UTC; unix
93                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:56:16 UTC; unix
94                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:18:41 UTC; unix
95                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 13:55:53 UTC; unix
96  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 12:39:12 UTC; unix
97  R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 05:17:09 UTC; unix
98                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:50:06 UTC; unix
99                        R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:14:12 UTC; unix
100                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:15:47 UTC; unix
101 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:13:58 UTC; unix
102                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:49:50 UTC; unix
103 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 05:14:15 UTC; unix
104                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:16:18 UTC; unix
105                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:17:04 UTC; unix
106                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:30:21 UTC; unix
107                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:52:49 UTC; unix
108                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 19:46:37 UTC; unix
109 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:14:25 UTC; unix
110                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 03:10:56 UTC; unix
111                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:43:40 UTC; unix
112                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:45:43 UTC; unix
113                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:58:04 UTC; unix
114                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:29:16 UTC; unix
115 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:57:32 UTC; unix
116                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:18:12 UTC; unix
117 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:39:00 UTC; unix
118                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:59:02 UTC; unix
119                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:33:01 UTC; unix
120                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 06:55:58 UTC; unix
121 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:48:13 UTC; unix
122 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:33:11 UTC; unix
123                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:18:51 UTC; unix
124 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-05-09 14:22:13 UTC; unix
125                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:40:07 UTC; unix
126                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-29 22:23:41 UTC; unix
127 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:14:28 UTC; unix
128 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:14:07 UTC; unix
129 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 16:25:09 UTC; unix
130                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 10:32:18 UTC; unix
131                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:50:31 UTC; unix
132 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-29 20:17:17 UTC; unix
133 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:15:03 UTC; unix
134 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:44:00 UTC; unix
135 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:59:56 UTC; unix
136 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:16:04 UTC; unix
137 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:39:33 UTC; unix
138 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 16:05:43 UTC; unix
139                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:18:24 UTC; unix
140                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:19:55 UTC; unix
141 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:51:57 UTC; unix
142                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:18:19 UTC; unix
143 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:43:17 UTC; unix
144 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:38:55 UTC; unix
145                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:10:34 UTC; unix
146 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:42:08 UTC; unix
147                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 13:55:06 UTC; unix
148                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-29 22:20:10 UTC; unix
149 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:51:14 UTC; unix
150 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:42:52 UTC; unix
151 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:42:27 UTC; unix
152                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:42:27 UTC; unix
153                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 07:14:16 UTC; unix
154 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-15 06:12:15 UTC; unix
155                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-30 00:17:28 UTC; unix
156                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-20 21:29:39 UTC; unix
157                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 16:31:26 UTC; unix
158                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:20:41 UTC; unix
159                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 14:02:40 UTC; unix
160 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:51:14 UTC; unix
161                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-30 00:20:10 UTC; unix
162                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:40:59 UTC; unix
163 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 19:11:17 UTC; unix
164                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:52:25 UTC; unix
165 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:43:36 UTC; unix
166 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:50:44 UTC; unix
167                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:46:29 UTC; unix
168                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:44:33 UTC; unix
169 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:58:34 UTC; unix
170 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-29 21:34:41 UTC; unix
171                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 09:35:26 UTC; unix
172                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:16:07 UTC; unix
173                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-30 00:19:16 UTC; unix
174 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:46:59 UTC; unix
175 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:48:33 UTC; unix
176 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 11:14:29 UTC; unix
177 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 05:15:01 UTC; unix
178                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:22:36 UTC; unix
179                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:16:49 UTC; unix
180                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:50:08 UTC; unix
181                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:18:34 UTC; unix
182                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:22:50 UTC; unix
183                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:39:09 UTC; unix
184 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:22:07 UTC; unix
185                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:11:26 UTC; unix
186 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-30 00:17:37 UTC; unix
187 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:55:08 UTC; unix
188 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:42:07 UTC; unix
189                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:40:08 UTC; unix
190 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-06 22:09:03 UTC; unix
191 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-06 22:10:20 UTC; unix
192 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:42:58 UTC; unix
193 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:50:47 UTC; unix
194 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:24:07 UTC; unix
195                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:14:59 UTC; unix
196                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:51:26 UTC; unix
197                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:18:11 UTC; unix
198 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 15:50:28 UTC; unix
199 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-05-17 05:18:26 UTC; unix
200                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 06:40:51 UTC; unix
201                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:19:52 UTC; unix
202                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 17:16:51 UTC; unix
203                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:51:36 UTC; unix
204                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:20:50 UTC; unix
205                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:49:34 UTC; unix
206                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-17 02:15:01 UTC; unix
207                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:31:20 UTC; unix
208                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:16:56 UTC; unix
209 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:18:57 UTC; unix
210 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:39:30 UTC; unix
211                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:07:48 UTC; unix
212                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:25:56 UTC; unix
213                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 18:39:52 UTC; unix
214 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:23:29 UTC; unix
215                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:48:39 UTC; unix
216 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 02:24:46 UTC; unix
217                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-20 21:29:45 UTC; unix
218                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-30 18:39:03 UTC; unix
219                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-30 00:17:39 UTC; unix
220                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 05:22:36 UTC; unix
221                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:42:20 UTC; unix
222 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:47:47 UTC; unix
223 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-29 21:31:41 UTC; unix
224 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 02:19:08 UTC; unix
225                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:14:37 UTC; unix
226                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:27:14 UTC; unix
227 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-05-06 11:59:38 UTC; unix
228                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:46:22 UTC; unix
229                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:08:04 UTC; unix
230                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:58:06 UTC; unix
231                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:30:24 UTC; unix
232 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:45:48 UTC; unix
233                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 03:44:05 UTC; unix
234 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:39:30 UTC; unix
235 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:48:47 UTC; unix
236 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 16:13:32 UTC; unix
237 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:43:24 UTC; unix
238 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:41:40 UTC; unix
239                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 11:14:29 UTC; unix
240                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 11:11:39 UTC; unix
241 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:48:55 UTC; unix
242 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:16:44 UTC; unix
243                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-05-19 20:29:44 UTC; unix
244 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-05-10 08:22:51 UTC; unix
245 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:19:28 UTC; unix
246                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:44:26 UTC; unix
247                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:41:09 UTC; unix
248 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 05:14:40 UTC; unix
249 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 15:50:18 UTC; unix
250                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 02:19:10 UTC; unix
251                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-26 15:50:55 UTC; unix
252                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 13:55:25 UTC; unix
253 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:44:04 UTC; unix
254                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:42:55 UTC; unix
255                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 23:14:13 UTC; unix
256 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 18:21:44 UTC; unix
257 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:16:43 UTC; unix
258 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 05:33:25 UTC; unix
259 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:34:02 UTC; unix
260 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:44:31 UTC; unix
261 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:40:45 UTC; unix
262 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 02:19:51 UTC; unix
263 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:41:06 UTC; unix
264 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:57:30 UTC; unix
265 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:57:00 UTC; unix
266 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 23:15:23 UTC; unix
267                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:40:19 UTC; unix
268 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-26 11:09:05 UTC; unix
269                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:49:54 UTC; unix
270                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 09:28:00 UTC; unix
271 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:40:40 UTC; unix
272 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 16:26:01 UTC; unix
273 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:53:32 UTC; unix
274 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:40:14 UTC; unix
275 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 15:48:48 UTC; unix
276                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 15:39:58 UTC; unix
277 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin20; 2026-04-30 00:17:29 UTC; unix
278                       R 4.6.0; ; 2026-04-25 16:03:04 UTC; unix
279 R 4.6.0; aarch64-apple-darwin23; 2026-04-25 09:28:22 UTC; unix

B.3 Python Environment

python:         /Users/rressler/Courses/DATA_Intro_DS_AI/course_book/.venv/bin/python
libpython:      /Users/rressler/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.11.15-macos-aarch64-none/lib/libpython3.11.dylib
pythonhome:     /Users/rressler/Courses/DATA_Intro_DS_AI/course_book/.venv:/Users/rressler/Courses/DATA_Intro_DS_AI/course_book/.venv
virtualenv:     /Users/rressler/Courses/DATA_Intro_DS_AI/course_book/.venv/bin/activate_this.py
version:        3.11.15 (main, May 10 2026, 19:23:07) [Clang 22.1.3 ]
numpy:          /Users/rressler/Courses/DATA_Intro_DS_AI/course_book/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/numpy
numpy_version:  2.4.5

NOTE: Python version was forced by RETICULATE_PYTHON

2-Minute Neuroscience: The Neuron. 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qS83wD29PY.

A Grammar of Animated Graphics. n.d. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://gganimate.com/.

“albertocairo.” n.d. In albertocairo. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://www.albertocairo.com.

Alex Notov. 2025. Introduction to Claude Skills. https://platform.claude.com/cookbook/skills-notebooks-01-skills-introduction#discovering.

Anthropic. 2024. Building Effective AI Agents. https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/building-effective-agents.

Anthropic. 2025. Claude. https://claude.ai.

Anthropic. n.d.-a. “Best Practices for Claude Code.” In Claude Code Docs. Accessed April 13, 2026. https://code.claude.com/docs/en/best-practices.

Anthropic. n.d.-b. “Claude Code Overview.” In Claude Code Docs. Accessed April 16, 2026. https://code.claude.com/docs/en/overview.

Anthropic Engineering. 2025. Effective Context Engineering for AI Agents. https://www.anthropic.com/engineering/effective-context-engineering-for-ai-agents.

Anthropic Engineering. n.d.-a. “Complete Context Engineering Guide.” In Claude. Accessed April 6, 2026. https://claude.ai/public/artifacts/f498a4cc-4c45-481c-a6dd-8e1d196dadb0.

Anthropic Engineering. n.d.-b. “Prompt Engineering Overview.” In Claude API Docs. Accessed April 10, 2026. https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/build-with-claude/prompt-engineering/overview.

Anthropic Engineering. n.d.-c. “Prompting Best Practices.” In Claude API Docs. Accessed April 6, 2026. https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/build-with-claude/prompt-engineering/claude-prompting-best-practices.

API Basic Call Structures – World Bank Data Help Desk. n.d. Accessed June 1, 2026. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/898581.

ASA, American Statistical Association. 1983. Auto Data Set from the 1983 Exposition of Statistical Graphics Technology. https://lib.stat.cmu.edu/data-expo/1983.html.

AWS. n.d. “What Is RAG? - Retrieval-Augmented Generation AI Explained - AWS.” In Amazon Web Services, Inc. Accessed June 5, 2026. https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/retrieval-augmented-generation/.

Barret, Tyson, Matt Dowle, Arun Srinivasan, et al. 2025. Data.table: Extension of ‘Data.frame‘. https://r-datatable.com.

Bartley, Kevin. 2024. “Data Statistics (2025) - How Much Data Is There in the World?” In Rivery. https://rivery.io/blog/big-data-statistics-how-much-data-is-there-in-the-world/.

Brown, Tom B., Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, et al. 2020. Language Models Are Few-Shot Learners. arXiv:2005.14165. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.14165.

Chang, Winston. n.d. R Graphics Cookbook, 2nd Edition. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://r-graphics.org/.

Chat with Large Language Models. n.d. Accessed August 15, 2025. https://ellmer.tidyverse.org/index.html.

“Claude Code Create Custom Subagents.” n.d. In Claude Code Docs. Accessed April 19, 2026. https://code.claude.com/docs/en/sub-agents.

“Claude Code Define Your Agent.” n.d. In Claude API Docs. Accessed April 19, 2026. https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/managed-agents/agent-setup.

Codex AI Assistant for Work and Code. n.d. Accessed June 8, 2026. https://chatgpt.com/codex/.

Csardi, Garbor. 2022. Keyring: Access the System Credential Store from R. https://r-lib.github.io/keyring/index.html.

DAIR-AI. 2025. Prompt Engineering Guide. https://www.promptingguide.ai/.

Davenport, Thomas H., and D J. Patil. 2012. “Data Scientist: The Sexiest Job of the 21st Century.” Harvard Business Review October 2012: 70–76. http://hbr.org/2012/10/data-scientist-the-sexiest-job-of-the-21st-century/ar/1.

Eurostat. n.d. Data Access via API - User Guides. Accessed June 1, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/user-guides/data-browser/api-data-access.

Firke, Sam. 2024. Janitor: Simple Tools for Examining and Cleaning Dirty Data. https://sfirke.github.io/janitor/.

Fox, John, and Sanford Weisberg. 2019. An Companion to Applied Regression. Third. Sage. https://www.john-fox.ca/Companion/.

Friedman, Jerome, Trevor Hastie, and Robert Tibshirani. 2010. “Regularization Paths for Generalized Linear Models via Coordinate Descent.” Journal of Statistical Software 33 (1): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v033.i01.

Gábor Csárdi. 2023. Gitcreds: Query ’Git’ Credentials from ’R’. https://gitcreds.r-lib.org/.

Ggrepel: An R Package. n.d. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://ggrepel.slowkow.com/.

Godsey, Brian. 2017. Think Like a Data Scientist. Manning.

Google. n.d. Agent Development Kit (ADK). Accessed April 19, 2026. https://adk.dev.

Grolemund, Garrett, and Hadley Wickham. 2011. “Lubridate: Dates and Times Made Easy with Lubridate.” Journal of Statistical Software 40 (3): 1–25. https://www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i03/.

Grolemund, Garrett, and Hadley Wickham. n.d. R for Data Science. https://r4ds.had.co.nz/.

Groq. n.d. API Reference - GroqDocs. Accessed June 4, 2026. https://console.groq.com/docs/api-reference#chat-create.

Hadley Wickham. 2016. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/.

Hadley Wickham, Danielle Navarro, and Thomas Lin Pedersen. n.d. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis (3e). Accessed May 22, 2026. https://ggplot2-book.org/.

Horst, Allison, Alison Presmanes Hill, and Kristen B Gorman. 2020. Palmerpenguins R Data Package. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3960218.

Ian Fellows. 2022. Wordcloud: Word Clouds. Comprehensive R Archive Network. https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.wordcloud.

Institute of Statistics (INSTAT). 2025. Statistical Database. https://databaza.instat.gov.al:8083/pxweb/en/DST/.

Institute, QLB Brain. 2017. Stunning Neuroscience Images. https://qbi.uq.edu.au/blog/2017/07/stunning-neuroscience-images.

James, Gareth, Daniela Witten, Trevor Hastie, and Robert Tibshirani. 2023. An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R. 2nd ed. Springer. https://www.statlearning.com.

Janitor: Simple Tools for Examining and Cleaning Dirty Data — Janitor-Package. n.d. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://sfirke.github.io/janitor/reference/janitor-package.html.

Kalinowski, Tomasz et al. 2022. TensorFlow for R. https://tensorflow.rstudio.com/.

Kalinowski, Tomasz, JJ Allaire, and François Chollet. 2025. Keras3: R Interface to Keras. https://keras3.posit.co/.

Kanwal, Maxinder S., Avinash S. Ramesh, and Lauren A. Huang. 2013. A Novel Pseudoderivative-Based Mutation Operator for Real-Coded Adaptive Genetic Algorithms. 2:139. F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-139.v2.

Kaplan, Daniel, and Randall Pruim. 2023. Ggformula: Formula Interface to the Grammar of Graphics. https://www.mosaic-web.org/ggformula/.

Karatzoglou, Alexandros, Alex Smola, Kurt Hornik, National ICT Australia (NICTA), Michael A. Maniscalco, and Choon Hui Teo. 2024. Kernlab: Kernel-Based Machine Learning Lab. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=kernlab.

Kelechava, Brad. 2018. “The SQL Standard - ISO/IEC 9075:2023 (ANSI X3.135).” In The ANSI Blog. https://blog.ansi.org/sql-standard-iso-iec-9075-2023-ansi-x3-135/.

Keras: Deep Learning for Humans. n.d. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://keras.io/.

Khun, Max, and Julia Silge. 2023. Tidy Modeling with R. https://www.tmwr.org/.

Kingma, Diederik P., and Jimmy Ba. 2017. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization. arXiv:1412.6980. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1412.6980.

Kuhn, Max, and Hadley Wickham. 2020. Tidymodels: A Collection of Packages for Modeling and Machine Learning Using Tidyverse Principles. https://www.tidymodels.org.

Lin, Hause, and Tawab Safi. 2025. “Ollamar: An R Package for Running Large Language Models.” Journal of Open Source Software, ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.07211.

Luo, Junyu. 2026. Luo-Junyu/Awesome-Agent-Papers. https://github.com/luo-junyu/Awesome-Agent-Papers.

Luo, Junyu, Weizhi Zhang, Ye Yuan, et al. 2025. Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges. arXiv:2503.21460. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.21460.

Mark Lodato. n.d. A Visual Git Reference. Accessed May 30, 2026. https://marklodato.github.io/visual-git-guide/index-en.html.

Mei, Lingrui, Jiayu Yao, Yuyao Ge, et al. 2025. “A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Models.” In arXiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.13334v2.

Mosaic Plots in the Ggplot2 Framework. n.d. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://haleyjeppson.github.io/ggmosaic/.

Myer, David. 2024. E1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability Theory Group. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/e1071.

Neal Richardson, Ian Cook, Nic Crane, et al. 2026. Arrow: Integration to ’Apache’ ’Arrow’. https://github.com/apache/arrow/.

Nohe, Patrick. 2017. What Is the Dark Web? https://www.thesslstore.com/blog/what-is-the-dark-web/.

Ollama. 2025. https://ollama.com.

Ooms, Jeroen. 2014. “Jsonlite: The Jsonlite Package: A Practical and Consistent Mapping Between JSON Data and R Objects.” arXiv:1403.2805 [Stat.CO]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.2805.

Ooms, Jeroen. 2023. Jasonlite Vignette: Getting Started with JSON and Jsonlite. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/jsonlite/vignettes/json-aaquickstart.html.

Open Data Inventory—Global Index of Open Data - Open Data Inventory. n.d. Accessed May 8, 2025. https://odin.opendatawatch.com/.

OpenAI. 2025. Prompt Engineering - OpenAI API. https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/prompt-engineering.

OpenAI. 2026. A Practical Guide to Building Agents. https://openai.com/business/guides-and-resources/a-practical-guide-to-building-ai-agents/.

OpenAI Developers. n.d. Agents SDK. Accessed April 16, 2026. https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/guides/agents.

OWASP Foundation. n.d. Least Privilege Principle. Accessed April 19, 2026. https://owasp.org/www-community/controls/Least_Privilege_Principle.

Pebesma, Edzer. 2018. “Sf: Simple Features for R: Standardized Support for Spatial Vector Data.” The R Journal 10 (1): 439–46. https://r-spatial.github.io/sf/.

Plaat, Aske, Max van Duijn, Niki van Stein, Mike Preuss, Peter van der Putten, and Kees Joost Batenburg. 2025. “Agentic Large Language Models, a Survey.” In arXiv.org. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.18675.

Plotly r Graphing Library in R. n.d. Accessed May 23, 2026. https://plotly.com/r/.

Posit. 2025a. Posit Cheatsheets. https://posit.co/resources/cheatsheets/.

Posit. 2025b. Positron. https://positron.posit.co/.

Posit. 2025c. “RStudio IDE User Guide.” In RStudio User Guide. https://docs.posit.co/ide/user/.

Posit. 2026. “Quarto Guide.” In Quarto. https://quarto.org/docs/guide/.

Posit. n.d. Posit Assistant. Accessed June 10, 2026. https://posit-dev.github.io/assistant/.

Positron. n.d.-a. “Guide for Positron Assistant.” In Positron. Accessed April 18, 2026. https://positron.posit.co/assistant.html.

Positron. n.d.-b. “Positron Assistant Getting Started.” In Positron. Accessed April 18, 2026. https://positron.posit.co/assistant-getting-started.html.

Quarto. 2025. Posit.co. https://quarto.org/.

Rashida048. 2020. Machine Learning: Gradient Descent Concept – Regenerative. https://regenerativetoday.com/machine-learning-gradient-descent-concept/.

Robinson, Julia Silge and David. n.d. Text Mining with R. Accessed April 12, 2020. https://www.tidytextmining.com/.

Ruman. 2023. “Convex Vs. Non-Convex Functions: Why It Matters in Optimization for Machine Learning.” In Medium. https://rumn.medium.com/convex-vs-non-convex-functions-why-it-matters-in-optimization-for-machine-learning-39cd9427dfcc.

Sahoo, Pranab, Ayush Kumar Singh, Sriparna Saha, Vinija Jain, Samrat Mondal, and Aman Chadha. 2024. “A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering in Large Language Models: Techniques and Applications.” In arXiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.07927v2.

Silge, Julia, and David Robinson. 2023. Tidytext: Text Mining Using Tidy Tools. https://juliasilge.github.io/tidytext/.

Silge, Julia, and David Robinson. 2025. Tidytext: Text Mining with R. O’Reilly Media, Inc. https://www.tidytextmining.com/.

Simple Tools for Examining and Cleaning Dirty Data. n.d. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://sfirke.github.io/janitor/index.html.

Sjoberg, Daniel D., Karissa Whiting, Michael Curry, Jessica A. Lavery, and Joseph Lamarange. 2021. “Reproducible Summary Tables with the Gtsummary Package.” The R Journal 13 (1): 570–80. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2021-053.

Stryker, Ivan Belcic, Cole. 2024. What Is Data Engineering? IBM. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/data-engineering.

Takeda, Hajime. 2026. “How to Build a Production-Ready Claude Code Skill.” In Towards Data Science. https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-build-a-production-ready-claude-code-skill/.

Team, R Core. 2018. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.

“TensorFlow.” n.d. In TensorFlow. Accessed May 28, 2026. https://www.tensorflow.org/.

The Composer of Plots. n.d. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://patchwork.data-imaginist.com/.

“The Visual Display of Quantitative Information.” n.d. In Edward Tufte. Accessed May 22, 2026. https://www.edwardtufte.com/book/the-visual-display-of-quantitative-information/.

Ushey, Kevin, JJ Allaire, and Yuan Tang. 2023. Reticulate: R Interface to Python. https://rstudio.github.io/reticulate/.

van Rossum, Guido. 2025. Python. https://www.python.org/.

Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, et al. 2023. Attention Is All You Need. arXiv:1706.03762. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1706.03762.

VoltAgent/Awesome-Claude-Code-Subagents. 2026. VoltAgent. https://github.com/VoltAgent/awesome-claude-code-subagents.

Waring, Elin, Michael Quinn, Amelia McNamara, Eduardo Arino d la RUbia, Shu Hao, and Shannon Ellis. 2025. Skimr: Compact and Flexible Summaries of Data. https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/.

Weng, Lilian. 2023. Prompt Engineering. https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2023-03-15-prompt-engineering/.

“What Is the Model Context Protocol (MCP)?” n.d. In Model Context Protocol. Accessed June 10, 2026. https://modelcontextprotocol.io/docs/getting-started/intro.

Wickham, Hadley. 2010. “A Layered Grammar of Graphics.” Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 19 (1): 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098.

Wickham, Hadley. 2016. Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/.

Wickham, Hadley. 2023a. Forcats: Tools for Working with Categorical Variables (Factors). https://forcats.tidyverse.org/.

Wickham, Hadley. 2023b. Httr2: Perform HTTP Requests and Process the Responses. https://httr2.r-lib.org/.

Wickham, Hadley. 2023c. Modelr: Modelling Functions That Work with the Pipe. https://modelr.tidyverse.org/.

Wickham, Hadley. 2023d. Stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations. https://stringr.tidyverse.org/.

Wickham, Hadley, Mara Averick, Jennifer Bryan, et al. 2019. “Welcome to the Tidyverse.” Journal of Open Source Software, no. 43: 1686. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686.

Wickham, Hadley, and Jennifer Bryan. 2023. Readxl: Read Excel Files. https://readxl.tidyverse.org.

Wickham, Hadley, Mine Cetinkaya-Rundel, and Garrett Grolemund. 2023. R for Data Science (2e). O’Reilly Media, Inc. https://r4ds.hadley.nz/.

Wickham, Hadley, Romain Francois, Lionel Henry, Kirill Muller, and Davis Vaughan. 2023. Dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation. https://dplyr.tidyverse.org.

Wickham, Hadley, Jim Hester, and Jennifer Bryan. 2024. Readr: Read Rectangular Text Data. https://readr.tidyverse.org/.

Wickham, Hadley, Davis Vaughan, and Maximilian Girlich. 2023. Tidyr: Tidy Messy Data. https://tidyr.tidyverse.org.

Wikipedia. 2025. “Data Science.” In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_science.

World Bank. n.d.-a. About the Indicators API Documentation. Accessed June 1, 2026. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/889392-about-the-indicators-api-documentation.

World Bank. n.d.-b. Indicator API Queries. Accessed June 1, 2026. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/898599-indicator-api-queries%3E.